The establishment of this office has its origin in 1916 with the construction of the Taoyuan Canal Irrigation System. The water was taken from Shimen area on the upper course of the Dahan River which flows through 20 km of waterways and 25 km of main canals to irrigate the 22,000 hectares of farmland on the Taoyuan Plateau, transforming this barren and water-deficient plateau into fertile double crop rice paddy fields. The Taoyuan Canal maximum water diversion volume was 16.70 cubic meters per second, and it was inaugurated on May 26, 1924.

In 1919, the predecessor of this office, the public Taoyuan Canal Water Conservancy Association was established in order to assist farmers in the construction of reservoirs and water supply canals in the Taoyuan Canal irrigation system. The said association completed 132 river weirs and 231 reservoirs for the Taoyuan Canal Irrigation System, with a total area of 2,218 hectares, a total water storage capacity of 66 million cubic meters, and the completion of 846.5 kilometers of water supply canals. All the above-mentioned projects were completed by 1928.

• In 1930, it was reorganized into Taoyuan Water Conservancy Association in accordance with the Taiwan Water Conservancy Association Decree.
• In 1945, it was reorganized again into the Taoyuan Farmland Water Conservancy Association.
• Reorganized into Taoyuan Water Conservancy Commission in 1948.
• In 1950, it was renamed Taoyuan Canal Water Conservancy Commission.
• In 1956, the Daxi Water Conservancy Commission and the Hukou Water Conservancy Management Office were merged in and reorganized into the Taoyuan Irrigation Association of Taiwan Province.
• Merged with Xinhai Irrigation Association in 1970, the name of Taoyuan Irrigation Association of Taiwan Province was continued. After the merger, the irrigated area reached 34,568 hectares.
• Due to urban and industrial development, farmland area has been steadily decreasing. In 2017, the irrigated area has dwindled to 22,677 hectares.
• On October 1, 2020, it was restructured into Taoyuan Management Office, Irrigation Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan.
• On August 1, 2023, it was restructured into the present-day Taoyuan Management Office, Irrigation Agency, Ministry of Agriculture.